What is Dysthymia?
We all know that life is filled with emotional ups and downs, but for some, a persistent sense of sadness can linger far longer than usual. If you feel like you're stuck in a slow-moving fog and can’t remember the last time it lifted, you may be experiencing dysthymia, also known as, persistent depressive disorder (PDD).
Dysthymia is a form of chronic depression that lasts for at least two years in adults (or one year in children and adolescents). Unlike major depressive disorder (MDD), where symptoms can be severe but might come and go over time, dysthymia is characterized by a more enduring, low mood. Individuals with the condition often describe feeling as though they've been “blue” or melancholic for years. Interestingly, the Greek word dysthymia means "bad state of mind" or "ill humor."
What Does it Look Like?
Symptoms of dysthymia are similar to those of major depression but tend to be less intense, such as:
Chronic Sadness: A pervasive feeling of sadness or emptiness that persists over time.
Low Self-Esteem: Persistent feelings of worthlessness or inadequacy, oftentimes complicated by a tendency toward perfectionism.
Fatigue: A lack of energy or motivation, making daily tasks seem overwhelming.
Poor Appetite or Overeating: Changes in eating habits, either eating too much or too little or losing interest in food altogether.
Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia or sleeping too much.
Difficulty Concentrating: Trouble focusing or making decisions.
Hopelessness: A sense of despair about the future.
It's important to note that while these symptoms may be less severe than those of major depression, they can still significantly impact your quality of life and ability to work, socialize and relate to others. What’s more your persistent symptoms can take the joy out of life.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of dysthymia is not entirely understood, but several factors may contribute, including:
Genetics: A family history of this brand of depression or melancholy can increase your risk.
Biological Factors: Imbalances in brain chemistry or hormonal fluctuations might play a role.
Environmental Factors: Prolonged exposure to stress, trauma or significant life changes can be contributing factors.
Psychological Factors: Personality traits like perfectionism or chronic low self-esteem can be associated with the development of dysthymia.
You Can Feel Better
The good news is that dysthymia is treatable, and many people find relief through therapy, medication or a combination of both. Here are some common approaches:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to their low mood. It is a widely used and effective approach for treating dysthymia.
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT): This therapy focuses on improving relationships and social functioning, which can alleviate that feeling of being persistently off-kilter.
Medication: Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may be prescribed to help balance brain chemicals and improve mood.
Lifestyle Changes: Incorporating regular movement, a clean diet and good sleep hygiene can complement therapy and medication. And cutting back on social media can also make a difference.
Should I Get Help?
Recognizing the need for help is the first step toward feeling better. Keep in mind that it’s not always obvious to someone who may have this mood disorder because they don’t remember a time when they did not feel blue. Some folks may also resist treatment after developing the attitude that feeling down is just part of their personality type.
Remember, there are differences between dysthymia and major depression, such as anhedonia and suicidal ideations, so it’s important to get a formal diagnosis from a professional, not the internet. If you’re struggling with dysthymia or any other mental health concern, don’t hesitate to contact us for support. We want you to feel good.
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